Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The extent to which the outcomes of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basra are aligned with the requirements of the labor market from the perspective of employers

Lamyaa Hassan Mohammed — 2025-11-15

The aim of this research was to investigate employers' perspectives on the competence of graduates and their ability to integrate into the workplace. The researchers used a descriptive approach using a survey and relationship study. The research sample was randomly selected from employers in educational and sports institutions and health centers employing (53) graduates. The results were presented, analyzed, and discussed. We concluded that graduates have the ability to adapt to the requirements of the labor market, indicating the potential to improve their employment opportunities. We recommended the need to design specialized training courses aimed at developing graduates' professional and personal skills and expanding employment opportunities.

General and Specific Neuromuscular Coordination and Their Relationship to Cognitive Ability to Throw in Fencing among Third-Year Students

Sarah Sami Shabib — 2025-11-15

The research aimed to identify the relationship between general and specific neuromuscular coordination and cognitive ability to throw in fencing. A descriptive approach was used to suit the nature and problem of the research. The research sample, which consisted of (17) students, represented (50%) of the total population. After completing the tests and obtaining the results, they were processed using the statistical program (SPSS). The researchers concluded that there is a correlation between the two types of coordination and cognitive ability to throw. The researchers recommend paying attention to specific coordination when teaching the skill of throwing in foil fencing.

The Effect of Using Some Modern Techniques on the Accuracy of the Forehand and Backhand Swings of Wheelchair Badminton Players

Zina Abdulkareem Abbas — 2025-11-15

The research aimed to identify the extent of the impact of using some modern techniques in training and measuring the accuracy of the forehand and backhand strokes of wheelchair badminton players. The researchers used the experimental method with a well-designed two equivalent groups (experimental and control) with a pre-test and a post-test to suit the nature of the problem to be studied. The research community was defined as the players of the Iraqi national wheelchair badminton team intentionally, numbering (4) players, who represent the selected sample (100%) of the research community. The researchers used the statistical package (SPSS) to process the research results. The research results showed the presence of significant differences between the control and experimental groups in the post-tests in favor of the experimental group. The researchers recommended adopting modern techniques during training to develop the level of performance for the forehand and backhand strokes, due to their significant impact on the accuracy of performance.

The effect of a proposed motor education program on developing some of the special abilities of children with motor disabilities

ameera Sabry Hussein — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of different motor education strategies in developing the abilities of children with motor disabilities. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers and specialists who work with children with motor disabilities. The questionnaires were designed to measure teachers’ opinions about the effectiveness of different strategies, the challenges they face, and their satisfaction with the results of the programs. The results of the study showed that motor education strategies such as free motor play and movement therapy have a significant positive effect on the development of motor abilities in children with motor disabilities. The recommendations were: Design motor education programs specifically for children with motor disabilities

The effect of an educational approach based on the metacognitive learning cycle strategy on the visual memory of legal refereeing signals in volleyball for students

Basma Naim Mohsen — 2025-11-15

The research aims to identify the impact of the educational curriculum based on the metacognitive learning cycle strategy and the curriculum followed. An experimental approach was used with two equivalent groups, with pre-test and post-test. The research sample consisted of fourth-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for evening studies at the University of Diyala for the academic year 2024-2025. The curriculum took (6) weeks to implement, with one educational unit per week. The number of educational units reached (6). The researchers concluded that the educational curriculum based on the metacognitive learning cycle strategy significantly helped develop students' visual memory for legal volleyball refereeing signals.

Accordingly, it was recommended to use the metacognitive learning cycle strategy to develop students' visual memory for legal volleyball refereeing signals.

Developing a learning enjoyment scale for the effectiveness of weightlifting for deaf and mute students

Ali Jaber Naji — 2025-11-15

The aim of this research was to develop a scale for the enjoyment of learning for students of Al-Amal Institute for the Deaf and Mute for the academic year (2024-2025). The research community was represented by students of institutes for the deaf and mute in Baghdad, while the research sample was sixth-grade students (Al-Amal Institute for the Deaf and Mute in Najaf). The researcher adopted the descriptive approach as it is compatible with the nature of the research problem. The construction sample was (54) students, while the application sample was (10) students. The tool to be developed was a scale for the enjoyment of learning for students of Al-Amal Institute for the Deaf and Mute. Scientific conditions were established for validity through content validity. The most important conclusions were the development of a successful scale in measuring the extent of learning enjoyment among deaf students in the weight-pushing activity. Accordingly, the researchers recommended adopting the scale for the enjoyment of learning, which was developed to measure the extent of learning enjoyment in the weight-pushing activity and possibly in other throwing activities.

The effect of the Yaker Model (CLM) on design thinking and students’ learning of dribbling and scoring skills in soccer

Ahmed Hassan Nasser — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of the Yaker Model (CLM) on design thinking and learning the skills of rolling and scoring in football for students. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups with a pre-test and a post-test. The research community consisted of (134) students from the fourth grade of middle school in Al-Kut Middle School for Boys for the academic year 2024-2025, distributed into five sections. The researcher concluded that implementing the educational units according to the Yaker Model (CLM) had an impact on developing the level of design thinking and learning the skills of rolling and scoring. The researcher recommended the practical introduction of the Yaker Model (CLM) in the process of teaching and learning all skills, whether in football or in other activities, in order to motivate and raise the level of skill performance for students.

Predictive value of scoring accuracy in terms of metabolic equivalent, total body fat percentage, circadian rhythm, and VO2 max in basketball players

KAMAL ZAKI KAMIL — 2025-11-15

The research aims to determine numerical indicators of metabolic equivalent, total body fat percentage, biorhythm, and maximum oxygen consumption for basketball players. The researchers used a descriptive approach on a sample of (40) advanced basketball players in Basra Governorate. After obtaining the results, they were statistically processed using the SPSS program. The following conclusions were reached: Design and standardize skill tests (tapping, handling, and scoring) as indicators for assessing the skill performance level of advanced basketball players. Accordingly, the researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the tests that were designed and standardized and establishing criteria as indicators for assessing the level of training according to physical and skill performance

Emotional Maturity and its Relationship to Motivation for Athletic Achievement among Fourth-Year Female Students

Duaa Raad Muhsin — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research was to identify the relationship between emotional maturity and sports achievement motivation among fourth-year students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Maysan for the academic year 2024-2025. The researcher used the descriptive approach. The research community included fourth-year students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Theoretical Sciences Branch, numbering (42) students. The research sample was selected from fourth-year students numbering (35) students, representing (83.333%) of the original research community. As for the most important conclusions and recommendations, the researcher concluded that the research community enjoys a high degree of emotional maturity, especially in the fourth stage. Accordingly, the recommendation was made: Applying the psychological scales under investigation (emotional maturity and sports achievement motivation scales) to larger samples in various sports activities.

An analytical study of the reality of achieving the administrative goals of the excellent volleyball clubs from the point of view of their administrative bodies

Reham Haitham Abdullah — 2025-11-15

The research aimed to develop and apply a scale of administrative objectives from the perspective of administrative workers in the administrative bodies of Iraqi premier volleyball clubs. The researchers used the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research community consisted of (117) administrative members of the administrative bodies of elite premier volleyball clubs from the northern, central, and southern regions of Iraq for the 2024-2025 season. The researchers concluded that the scale (the reality of administrative objectives of Iraqi premier volleyball clubs) is appropriate for measuring the levels of administrative bodies of elite premier volleyball clubs in Iraq. Accordingly, it was recommended to adopt the administrative objectives scale to measure administrative planning for elite volleyball clubs in Iraq.

Neuromuscular Compatibility explosive arm strength, and their relationship to the accuracy of smashing in volleyball for young players

Haider Faleh Hassan — 2025-11-15

The current study aims to identify the correlation between arm coordination and explosive power in volleyball smashing accuracy. The researchers used a descriptive approach and two different methods: a survey study, which collected data on arm coordination, explosive power, and volleyball smashing accuracy; and a correlational study, which explored the correlation between arm coordination and explosive power with volleyball smashing accuracy. The research population consisted of young volleyball players from clubs in Muthanna Governorate participating in the Governorate League for the 2024-2025 sports season.

After obtaining the results, the researchers used the SPSS statistical program to present and analyze the results. They concluded that the tests used were able to measure what they were intended to achieve. Accordingly, they recommended that coaches focus on explosive power and arm coordination training, given their significant correlation with volleyball smashing accuracy.

Designing a New Business Model in the Sport Tourism Industry of Iraq

Basheer Kadhim Jawad Khafaji — 2025-11-15

The purpose of present study was to design a new business model in the sports tourism industry of Iraq. Method: This descriptive-survey research was carried out in an exploratory-applicative manner in terms of its purpose, Sampling was done using the snowball method. Also, Strauss and Corbin were used for data analysis. Findings: Based on the results of the research, the model of new businesses in the sports tourism industry of Iraq has been identified in the form of the following 5 dimensions: effective factors (12 central codes), contextual factors (10 central codes), intervening factors (10 central codes), solutions (45 central codes), and consequences (44 central codes). Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested to identify the best practices that can be used in new businesses in the sports tourism industry by reviewing the history and heritage of Iraqi sports, awareness of the dominant culture in the society, and the development of sports infrastructure.

EvaluationEvaluation of Some Skill Tests in Football According to Construct Validity and Performance Analysis

Ali Sabah Noori — 2025-11-15

The study revealed challenges in accurately measuring students' performance due to the limitations of certain tests in achieving the intended objectives. A descriptive approach was adopted to study the suitability of the tests used. The study sample consisted of 84 first-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Science at the University of Basra, representing 39% of the targeted population. Tools such as personal interviews, content analysis, and standard tests were employed to gather and analyse the data. The key findings indicated statistically significant differences between surface-level assessments and performance evaluations, particularly in aspects related to accuracy and timing. This underscores the need to develop evaluation methodologies for more accurate and objective measurements. The study's main recommendation is to redesign skill tests to better align with educational and training objectives, taking into account the importance of accuracy and the timing of evaluations.

The effect of suggested exercises using interactive agility aids in developing some basic skills for young tennis players

Ali Mahmoud Khalil — 2025-11-15

The aim of this research was to develop suggested interactive agility exercises to develop some basic skills for young tennis players. The researcher used the experimental method using a single-group approach with pre- and post-tests, due to its suitability for the nature of the current research. The research sample consisted of (10) players who were selected as an experimental group to implement the interactive agility exercises program. The research sample represented (83.33%) of the total research population. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) to process the data statistically. The researcher concluded that the basic skills (forehand groundstroke, backhand groundstroke) of the research sample who used interactive agility exercises for young tennis players improved. The researcher recommends that coaches rely on interactive agility exercises when training the basic skills of young tennis players, given their impact on developing basic skills

A training program using CROSS FIT exercises in some physiological variables and body mass index for female students

Baraa Tariq Hamdoun — 2025-11-15

The aim of this research was to identify the effect of using cross-fit training on some functional variables and body mass index (BMI) among female students. The researchers used a quasi-experimental approach due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of 16 female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul. The researchers used a quasi-experimental design with an experimental and control group, with pre- and post-tests. The researchers used testing and measurement as means of collecting information. The researchers used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Wilcoxon test, and effect size as statistical methods. The researchers concluded that cross-fit training improves physical fitness and maintains body weight. The researchers recommended the use of cross-fit programs to develop some physical characteristics for male and female players in various activities, as well as their use with obese people for weight loss

Determining an index to predict handling skill based on metabolic equivalent and biological rhythm of basketball players

KAMAL ZAKI KAMIL — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research was to determine numerical indicators of the skill of handling in terms of the metabolic equivalent and the biological rhythm of basketball players. The researchers used the descriptive approach on a sample of advanced basketball players in Basra Governorate, numbering (40) players. After obtaining the results, they were statistically processed using the SPSS program, and the following conclusions were reached: Designing and standardizing a skill test for the skill of handling is considered an indicator for evaluating the level of skill performance of advanced basketball players. Accordingly, the researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the test that was designed and standardized and establishing standards as indicators for evaluating the level of training according to physical and skill performance

Leadership skills and their relationship to job performance among faculty members at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Dhi Qar

Haider Mohsen Ali — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research was to develop a leadership skills scale and a job performance scale for faculty members at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Dhi Qar University. The study used a descriptive survey approach to suit the nature of the study. The research community was represented by faculty members at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Dhi Qar University, numbering (74) faculty members. The sample for construction and application included (50) faculty members. The researcher constructed a leadership skills scale and a job performance scale. The researcher concluded that there is a significant correlation between leadership skills and job performance among professors at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Dhi Qar University. Accordingly, it was recommended that workshops and training courses be organized for university professors to enhance leadership skills, such as motivational skills, decision-making, effective communication, and stress management

The impact of the dimensions of political skills of leaders in physical training centers for trainees of the Popular Mobilization Authority from their point of view

maher karim Hamadi — 2025-11-15

The research aimed to identify the dimensions of political skills among leaders in the physical training centers for trainees of the Popular Mobilization Authority, from their perspectives. The researchers used a descriptive approach, as it suited the nature of the research. The research community consisted of trainees in the physical training centers of the Popular Mobilization Authority. The sample, numbering (480), was intentionally selected. The researchers concluded that leadership directly impacts performance enhancement. This impact increases and is magnified through behavior, vision, hope/faith, values, attitudes, and spirituality. They also work to ensure the activation and facilitation of communication processes between employees and enable the making of certain decisions that work towards achieving goals. The researchers' most important recommendations are to increase attention to instilling values and attitudes in trainees and enhancing their behavior, as well as developing spirituality, which is reinforced by belief in the vision of the Popular Mobilization Authority and the pursuit of its goals

Measuring the level of personal stress and its relationship to self-management among scout leaders

Mukhallad Khairallah Muftan — 2025-11-15

The study aimed to measure the levels of personal stress and self-management among Scout leaders. The researchers used a descriptive survey approach and correlation studies. The study sample was intentionally selected from Scout leaders in Basra Governorate. Two standardized scales were constructed to measure the two variables, ensuring validity and reliability. The researchers concluded that the greater the stress associated with Scout work (such as planning emergency camps under difficult security conditions), the less capable the leaders were of organizing their time and controlling their emotions. Accordingly, they recommended highlighting the need for trainers to adopt strategies that enhance leaders' internal stress management capabilities, given the inverse correlation between the two study variables.

The impact of an educational approach based on the Kemp model in developing the digital level of achievement in the long jump for players at the specialized school for athletics in Najaf Al-Ashraf

ِ Sabreen mohammed sahib — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research is to prepare an educational curriculum according to the Kemp model and apply it to the players of the specialized school in the long jump effectiveness in Najaf Governorate and to know the effect of the curriculum on the digital level of achievement in the long jump effectiveness. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the experimental research method by designing two equivalent groups, a control group and an experimental group with pre- and post-tests. The research community is represented by the long jump players belonging to the specialized school in Najaf Governorate, numbering (10) players and with a chronological age of (14-12 years for the sports season (2024-2025). They were divided into two groups with (5) players for each group. The researcher concluded that the educational curriculum according to the Kemp model has a role in developing the digital level of achievement in the long jump effectiveness for the players of the experimental group from the specialized school in Najaf Governorate. Accordingly, it was recommended that the coaches of specialized schools in athletics should pay attention to applying the educational curriculum according to the Kemp model because of its impact on developing the digital level of achievement in the long jump effectiveness

The impact of the Jordan model on teaching some types of foil defense to players at the specialized school

Abdul Hassan Rahima Mashkoor — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research was to know the effect of Jordan model in teaching some types of defense with foil to players of the specialized school. The experimental method was used, if the research sample were players of the specialized fencing school in Basra Governorate, and accordingly the conclusions were that Jordan model is one of the appropriate educational and teaching models in teaching some types of defense with foil to players of the specialized school. The recommendation was: Adopting Jordan model as it is one of the appropriate educational and teaching models in teaching some types of defense with foil to players of the specialized school.

The effect of compound exercises on developing some physical abilities and basic football skills for young players

Hazem Kazem Tohme — 2025-11-15

The research aims to prepare complex exercises to develop some physical abilities and basic skills in football and to know their effect in developing some physical abilities and basic skills in football. The researchers used the experimental method using the equivalent groups method. The research sample consisted of young football players in Al-Attar Football School and their number reached (20) players who were divided into two groups, experimental and control, with (10) players in each group. The researchers concluded that the use of complex exercises contributed to the development of the sample’s level. Accordingly, it was recommended to work on using complex exercises in learning and training because of their effective impact in developing physical and skill abilities.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Targeted Drills and Assistive Aids in Developing Core Football Skills Among Youth Players

Hashim Muteb Taha — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research was to prepare special exercises using assistive tools to teach some basic football skills for juniors. The experimental method was used by designing equivalent groups (control and experimental) if the research sample were junior players registered in the Basra Oil Sports Club in Basra Governorate. The researcher concluded that the use of manufactured educational tools that have a performance-related impact in learning some of the skills under study has an effective role in raising the skill level of junior football players. Accordingly, it was recommended that educational refinement courses be conducted for coaches to provide the latest developments in learning and training, its curricula and methods

The effect of Keegan's structure strategy on learning some offensive handball skills for female students

Nahida Hamid Mashkour — 2025-11-15

This research aims to utilize the Keegan Structures strategy in teaching some offensive handball skills. This was achieved by developing educational units using Keegan Structures to teach these skills to female students. The researchers employed an experimental design, selecting a population of 100 first-year intermediate school students from the 2024-2025 academic year, distributed across four classes. The research sample consisted of 50 students, divided into an experimental group of 25 and a control group of 25, representing a 50% participation rate. Students were randomly selected after excluding those who had failed, were ill, were absent, or were not actively participating in the sport. The data were statistically analyzed, leading to several conclusions, including that Keegan Structures enabled the students to learn some offensive handball skills. The researchers recommend conducting a similar study on other subjects

The Effect of the Dual Coding Strategy on Teaching Some Compound Skills Basketball Students

Safaa Hamid Hanoun — 2025-11-15

This research aimed to determine the impact of the dual coding strategy on teaching certain complex basketball skills to students. The experimental method was used, and the sample consisted of first-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra. The study concluded that the dual coding strategy is important and fundamental in teaching certain complex basketball skills to students. The most important recommendation is to adopt the dual coding strategy, given its importance and fundamental role in teaching certain complex basketball skills to students.

The Effect of an Educational Program Using Assistive Devices on Learning the Volleyball Spiking Skill

Muhannad Khairallah Jabbar — 2025-11-15

This research aimed to identify the impact of a proposed teaching method using assistive devices (ball catchers and gloves). The researchers employed an experimental design and selected a purposive sample of second-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basra. The researchers concluded that the assistive devices achieved their intended purpose in teaching the volleyball spike. They also recommended the adoption of assistive devices in the learning process, particularly in teaching volleyball skills.

Effect of aquatic training on developing some physical and non-oxygen capabilities and the skill of smashing volleyball

Shrihan Jaza Shkri — 2025-11-15

This research aimed to identify the effect of an aquatic training program on developing certain physical and anaerobic abilities in volleyball players. The researchers employed an experimental approach using a single-group design, with a sample of 12 players. The training program consisted of 24 training units. The researchers concluded that the aquatic training program was effective in improving certain physical and functional variables related to the volleyball spike. They also recommended using aquatic training to develop physical and functional abilities, as well as to enhance the performance level of the volleyball spike.

The Effect of an Educational Curriculum Using the TIRZ Model on Teaching Some Basic Offensive Soccer Skills to Students

Ezz El-Din Saleh Abd — 2025-11-15

This study aimed to identify the impact of an educational curriculum using the TIRZ model on teaching some basic offensive football skills to students. The researchers used an experimental design, and the study population consisted of first-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra. The researchers reached several conclusions, including that the educational curriculum using the TIRZ model was successful in teaching and learning some basic offensive football skills to students. The researchers recommended adopting the educational curriculum using the TIRZ model for teaching and learning some basic offensive football skills to students.

The effect of a training device (Jump Trainer) on developing some physical abilities and the 100m performance for juniors

Hussein Ali Fadel — 2025-11-15

This study aimed to identify the effect of a training method on developing certain physical abilities in the 100m sprint. The researchers used an experimental approach, and the study sample consisted of four junior athletes from the specialized athletics school, all trained in the 100m. A training program was developed and implemented for eight weeks. The researchers' main conclusion was that using the Jump Trainer, which they developed, was effective in improving the athletes' physical abilities in the 100m sprint. The recommendations include the necessity of using this training method in training programs to develop specific physical abilities for this event across different age groups.

A study of the reality of integration and differentiation among central scout group leaders in Iraq

Haider Abdul-Hussein Jasim — 2025-11-15

The aim of the research was to construct and apply a scale of administrative integration and differentiation for the leaders of the central scouting teams in Iraq. The researcher used the descriptive approach with an analytical approach, as the research sample was the leaders of the central scouting teams and their assistants in Iraq. The researcher conducted scientific transactions for the scale of integration and differentiation, which in its final form consisted of (six areas) and (34) statements. The researcher concluded that the leaders of the central scouting teams in Iraq possess an average level of administrative integration and differentiation. The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting the scale for measuring administrative integration and differentiation when selecting leaders of the central scouting teams.

A Rehabilitation Program for Patients with Mild Lumbar Disc Herniation (L5–S1): Pain Level

Ghufran sabbar Jaber — 2025-11-15

This research aimed to develop a rehabilitation program for treating patients with simple lumbar disc herniation (L5S1) and to study its effect on pain levels. The researchers used an experimental approach with a homogeneous group of eight injured athletes who underwent pre- and post-testing of the scientifically developed rehabilitation program. The researchers concluded that the rehabilitation program was effective in achieving complete recovery for the patients. They recommended adopting the proposed rehabilitation program and strengthening the muscles surrounding the spine to prevent disc herniation.

Evaluating the impact of administrative decision-making styles of the referees' panel on the effectiveness of refereeing performance in the Iraqi Premier League for football tennis

Taleb Zainal Hussein — 2025-11-15

The research aimed to uncover the prevailing administrative decision-making patterns within the football tennis referees committee. The researcher used the descriptive method with its survey and correlational approaches. The research population was defined as football tennis referees of different levels, totaling (128) referees. The researcher prepared two scales: a scale for administrative decision-making patterns and a scale for the effectiveness of refereeing performance. The researcher concluded that obtaining a medium level on the administrative decision-making patterns scale is a decisive indicator of the practices of the football tennis referees committee. The researcher recommended that the authorities responsible for the work of the football tennis referees committee in Iraq conduct a comprehensive and in-depth review of the administrative processes and procedures currently followed within this committee, with the aim of accurately identifying weaknesses and developing new mechanisms that ensure more transparent, effective, and efficient decision-making, thus ensuring the improvement of the refereeing system as a whole.

The level of administrative performance and its relationship to positive conflict among football coaches from the perspective of the general bodies of clubs

Ali Naeem Sultan — 2025-11-15

The research aimed to identify the level of administrative performance and positive conflict among football coaches from the perspective of public bodies. The researcher used the descriptive method with a survey and correlational relationships approach. The research sample consisted of public bodies in the central and southern regions of Iraq for the 2024-2025 season. The researcher concluded that there are significant differences in the level of administrative performance among the research sample. This is evidence that coaches have the ability and competence to attract players' thinking and encourage them to apply training and administrative ideas during training sessions or official matches. One of the most important recommendations is that coaches must possess a high degree of administrative level, positive conflict, and good charisma to influence and be influenced by their subordinates.

Challenges Facing Talented Athletes from the Perspective of Coaches and Administrators of Specialized Teams in Sports Talent Care Departments in Baghdad

Huda Mohamed Suleiman — 2025-11-15

This research aimed to identify the level of challenges and obstacles facing talented athletes in specialized sports talent development schools in Baghdad, from the perspective of coaches and administrators in these schools, in order to understand these challenges and attempt to find appropriate solutions. The researcher used the descriptive approach with a survey method and case study, as it was suitable for the nature of the research problem. The main research sample consisted of 206 coaches and administrators. A scale was developed to identify the challenges facing talented athletes, comprising 62 items distributed across four domains. The most important findings of the research indicated that talented athletes face a high degree of challenges. The researcher recommended assisting talented athletes to overcome the life pressures they experience and providing them with psychological support. Accordingly, the researcher recommended cooperation between the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Youth and Sports to support talented athletes by providing the material and moral resources that help them develop and refine their athletic talent.

analysis of causal conditions of elderly sports development in Iraq

Oday Khudhair Khshala — 2025-11-15

This research aims to identify the causal conditions influencing the development of sports for the elderly in Iraq, The study is qualitative in nature and aims to be applied and developmental. The participants in the research included 19 experts and professionals in the field of sports for the elderly in Iraq, who were selected through purposive sampling using a snowball method for interviews ,The qualitative results were categorized into three main categories (selective codes), 12 axial codes, and 37 open codes within the framework of causal conditions ,The findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies that address these health problems, motivational barriers, and policy deficiencies to promote and enhance sports participation among the elderly.

Effectiveness of Aquatic Training in Developing Some Physical Abilities and Poomsae Performance Level for Young Taekwondo Athletes

Khalid Mahmoud Ahmed — 2025-11-15

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of aquatic training in developing certain physical abilities and improving poomsae performance levels among young taekwondo players. The researcher employed an experimental design with two equivalent groups (experimental and control) to verify the impact of the training program. The study sample consisted of 22 young taekwondo players. The most significant finding was a statistically significant superiority of the experimental group in developing the selected physical abilities and poomsae performance levels compared to the control group, thus confirming the effectiveness of aquatic training. Based on these results, the researcher recommends integrating aquatic training into the training plans of young taekwondo players.

The effect of muscle balance exercises in developing some types of muscle strength and the achievement of the snatch lift for young

Hassan Ali Rahim — 2025-11-15

This research aimed to identify the effect of muscle balance exercises on developing certain types of muscular strength and snatch performance in young weightlifters. The researchers used an experimental method with equivalent groups. The research sample consisted of weightlifters from Al-Minaa Sports Club. After applying the muscle balance exercises, the most important conclusions were reached: Muscle balance exercises are important in developing certain types of muscular strength and snatch performance in young weightlifters. The recommendations were: Adopting muscle balance exercises due to their importance in developing certain types of muscular strength and snatch performance in young weightlifters.

The effect of cross fit exercises on developing sensorimotor response speed and its impact on the accuracy of smashing in young volleyball players

Ethar Abdul Rahman Imran — 2025-11-15

This research aims to identify the reaction speed, motor response, and spiking skill of volleyball players. The researcher used the experimental method due to its suitability to the nature of the problem. The research was conducted at Al-Baghdadi Volleyball Club, with a total of (12) players. The exercises were applied to the research sample, and the researcher concluded that using the exercises had a positive effect on developing reaction speed and spiking skill. Therefore, it is recommended to emphasize the use of the selected exercises due to their positive effect on developing reaction speed and accuracy in performing the spiking skill in volleyball.

The level of knowledge of fitness terminology and vocabulary in English among students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Hashimiyya University

Abdul Basit Mubarak Al-Sharman — 2025-11-15

This study aimed to measure the knowledge base of fitness terminology and vocabulary in English among students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Hashemite University. The researcher used the descriptive survey method, as it was suitable for the nature and objectives of the study. The study sample consisted of 152 male and female students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, out of a total student body of 1175. The researcher designed a questionnaire to measure knowledge base, consisting of two sections: the first section contained students' personal data, and the second section was the study questionnaire (ANOVA). The results of the study indicated that the level of knowledge base of fitness terminology and vocabulary in English among students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences was high. Therefore, it was recommended that the knowledge base of English fitness terminology was at a good level

The Effect of intermittent Training with Varying Intensities on Selected Physiological Variables and Maximal Aerobic Speed in U-17 Football Players

Hiwa Mohammed Qadir — 2025-11-15

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of interval training at varying intervals on certain functional variables, including maximum aerobic speed and performance endurance, in under-17 football players. The experimental method was chosen as it was appropriate to the nature of the research problem. The research sample was selected purposively from players at the Shahid Awat Football Academy. The researchers concluded that interval training exercises at varying intervals resulted in positive development in all functional variables performed by the experimental group. The recommendations emphasize the need for football coaches, especially those coaching age groups and football academies, to focus on interval training exercises at varying intervals, particularly for players under 17-19 years old

The level of resilience of the sports ego and its relationship to the level of sports ambition among players of Iraqi university basketball teams

Zahraa Riyadh Abdul Rhman — 2025-11-15

This research aimed to identify the level of athletic ego flexibility and athletic ambition. The researchers used a descriptive approach with correlational studies. The study sample consisted of 342 players distributed across 57 university basketball teams. The sample was selected randomly. The researchers concluded that players on Iraqi university basketball teams possess a high level of athletic ego flexibility. They also recommended encouraging players on Iraqi university basketball teams to participate in lectures and educational workshops on the concepts of athletic ego flexibility and athletic ambition.

Digital Transformation and its Role in Achieving Institutional Excellence for Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Wissam Hamid Ali — 2025-11-15

The research aims to identify digital transformation and its role in achieving institutional excellence in the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher used the descriptive survey method and selected a random sample of (87) faculty members from the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Universities (. One of the most important conclusions was that the colleges have electronic databases for scientific research and references. Among the key recommendations was the need to develop the infrastructure of the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences to meet the requirements of implementing digital transformation.

The Effect of Rehabilitation Exercises Accompanied by Electrical Stimulation on the Development of Range of Motion and the Strength of Abdominal and Back Muscles in Bodybuilding, Powerlifting, and Weightlifting Athletes with Lower Back Pain in Basrah Province

Baqer Mazen Salah — 2025-11-15

This research aims to identify the effect of a rehabilitation program that includes a set of exercises combined with electrical stimulation on improving the functional status of bodybuilders, strength athletes, and weightlifters suffering from lower back pain. The researchers used a single-group experimental approach, employing pre- and post-testing, as this method was suitable for the nature of the research sample. The sample consisted of eight athletes suffering from overexertion. Electrical stimulation was used for 10 minutes during the first two weeks, then increased to 15 minutes during the third and fourth weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in range of motion and strengthening of the back and abdominal muscles. Therefore, it is recommended that electrical stimulation be included in rehabilitation programs to improve muscle function and alleviate muscle pain, while taking into account the need to determine the appropriate stimulation levels for each individual patient.

An Analytical Study of Linear Momentum and Its Relationship to Some Biomechanical Variables During the Performance of the Smash Hit in Volleyball

Riyadh Alsaeed — 2025-11-15

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the linear momentum of the approach steps in the strike hit skill in volleyball and some performance variables, namely accuracy and speed, Research Methodology, the research adopted the descriptive approach and was applied to a purposively selected sample of (12) players from the University of Basrah volleyball team for the academic year 2024-2025. Findings, a: There is a statistically significant relationship between the linear momentum of the approach steps and the accuracy of the smash hit performance. There is a statistically clear relationship between the linear momentum of the approach steps and the speed of the ball at the landing point (the footprint). Recommendations, Emphasizing the importance of precise kinematic analysis of players' performance to understand movement details and improve performance outcomes. Utilizing advanced field monitoring devices to obtain accurate data that helps in diagnosing and solving current and future problems.

The Effect of the Realistic Simulation Model Based on Social Learning Theory on Students' Learning of the Side Punch, Takedown, and Defense Against Them

Manaf Majid Hasan — 2025-11-15

This research aims to identify the impact of a realistic simulation model based on Albert Bandura's social learning theory on learning the side punch and the takedown punch. Researchers used an experimental design with two groups: a control group and an experimental group. The sample consisted of second-year male evening students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Anbar. The researchers concluded that the realistic simulation model based on social learning theory had a more positive impact than the traditional command-based learning model on the students' motor learning outcomes for the side punch, takedown punch, and defense against these punches, as evidenced by the study results. The study recommends using the proposed model in teaching other types of combat sports to students

Difficulties of the sports selection process for school teams from the point of view of physical education teachers

Nimer adwan — 2025-11-15

This study aimed to identify the difficulties encountered in the sports selection process for school teams from the perspective of physical education teachers. The study employed a descriptive methodology, and the sample consisted of 96 female physical education teachers in Palestine, randomly selected. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to the sample to gather data. Analysis of the results revealed significant challenges faced by physical education teachers in the sports selection process for school teams of talented students. Therefore, the study recommended the development of a comprehensive sports selection course within teacher training institutions, the continuous organization of seminars and training workshops to enhance the sports selection process in schools and address its challenges, and increased coordination and collaboration between the Ministry of Education and schools when planning competitions, ensuring sufficient time for their execution.

he impact of an educational curriculum based on the analogical thinking strategy in teaching some basic tennis skills to students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Aqeel Hameed Hussein — 2025-11-15

This research aimed to develop an educational curriculum based on the analogical thinking strategy for teaching certain tennis skills. The researchers employed an experimental approach, using a sample of third-year students at the College of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra, during the 2024-2025 academic year. The researchers concluded that the analogical thinking strategy effectively improved performance levels in certain tennis skills, as demonstrated by the post-test results of both the experimental and control groups. Therefore, the researchers recommended the use of the analogical thinking strategy in practical and theoretical lectures at colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq, instead of relying solely on the instructor's subjective experience

The effect of using the SQ3R strategy on learning the volleyball serve skill among physical education and sports science students

Awad Younis Odeh — 2025-11-15

This study aimed to identify the impact of the proposed educational curriculum on developing the performance level of the serving skill among students in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. The researchers used the experimental method, and the research sample consisted of second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra, during the academic year (2024–2025). The researchers concluded that the strategy helped students develop metacognitive skills, including planning, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and linking theoretical knowledge to practical performance. This led to improved decision-making abilities during the execution of the serving skill and enhanced independence in learning. Therefore, it was recommended that the SQ3R strategy be adopted within the curriculum for teaching volleyball skills and team sports in colleges of physical education and sports sciences, due to its positive impact on improving motor and cognitive performance.

The level of performance of physical education teachers as scout leaders and its relationship to some personality variables

Baneen Ramadan Shaker — 2025-11-15

This study aimed to identify the performance level of physical education teachers as scout leaders in schools in Basra Governorate. The researchers used a descriptive approach to develop a performance scale for physical education teachers as scout leaders. The research sample consisted of 210 male and female teachers from a total population of 438. The scale was administered to a sample of 150 working physical education teachers. The researchers concluded that the performance scale is capable of measuring the performance level of physical education teachers as scout leaders. Therefore, it is recommended that the current scale be adopted by the sports and scouting activities department for evaluating physical education teachers.

The strategic direction of new media and its role in building the value system for Al-Warith and Al-Kafeel Scouts from the perspective of their leaders

Ali Ahmed Abdulraheem — 2025-11-15

The research study aims to construct a scale for the strategic orientation of new media among the Al-Warith and Al-Kafeel scouts from the perspective of scout leaders. The researchers used the descriptive methodology with the survey approach. The research sample was selected using the (purposive) method, with a total of 185 leaders subjected to the experiment, representing (91.79%) of the population. The most important conclusions of the study were the clear analysis of the strategic orientation of new media and the identification of the technological tools used by the scouts, which have a clear role in enhancing the value system. The researchers recommended providing advanced scientific solutions to communication problems with scouts and youth in general, by moving away from traditional awareness programs that lack appeal.

The effect of high-intensity training (in terms of target time) for speed endurance testing using artificial intelligence techniques on some biochemical and kinematic variables of young 200m runners.

Waleed Ahmed Awwad — 2025-11-15

In this research, the effect of high-intensity training was studied in terms of the speed endurance test time using artificial intelligence techniques, as high-intensity training is considered one of the effective means of improving performance and achieving development in cardiorespiratory fitness. With the development of artificial intelligence techniques, it has become possible to design accurate programs based on analyzing individual data and determining the target time to achieve the desired sports goals. The research sample was deliberately selected from talented young runners of the National Center for the Care of Athletic Talent/Ministry of Youth, aged 16-18 years, as the number of runners reached (6) runners for the 2023-2024 sports season, and the percentage of the research sample reached (66.66%) of the original community. The researcher chose the experimental method with a single group with a pre- and post-test to suit the nature of the problem. The training curriculum was implemented during the special preparation period and included (24) training units over (12) weeks, at a rate of two training units per week. The scientific foundations of the principles of training science and sports physiology were taken into account by using technology. Artificial intelligence based on individual data and information of players during the preparation and standardization of training loads, in addition to the use of the device (Polar H10). The researcher concluded that the training method implemented on the research sample members by standardizing training according to artificial intelligence techniques and the target time for the speed endurance test resulted in a noticeable development in the results of the post-tests of the research sample members for the variables under study. The researcher recommended the need for serious attention by coaches and those concerned with the training process to use artificial intelligence technology to standardize training loads.

Communication Skills and Their Relationship to Self-Confidence Among Iraqi University Futsal National Team Players

Yadkar Akbar Mohammed Saleh — 2025-11-15

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to identify the level of communication skills and self-confidence among players of the Iraqi university futsal national teams for the academic year 2024–2025, as well as to examine the relationship between communication skills and self-confidence among the research sample. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using both survey and correlational methods. The research population consisted of players from Iraqi university teams for the 2024–2025 sports season, totaling 190 players. The research sample included 160 players who were selected randomly, representing 84.21% of the total population—a percentage considered appropriate for a reliable and accurate representation of the target group.

The researcher concluded that there is a statistically significant correlation between the effectiveness of coaches' communication and the level of self-confidence among players. This highlights the importance of communication as a psychological and social tool that significantly influences athletic performance. The use of clear, precise, and timely communication strategies by coaches contributes to enhancing players’ understanding and positive interaction, which in turn reflects on their psychological stability and reduces stress during defensive play. Continuous feedback is also a critical component in completing the communication process between coach and player, as it enables immediate correction of mistakes and helps foster mutual trust.

Based on the findings of the current study, the researcher recommends that coaches of the Iraqi national teams utilize communication skills to foster self-confidence among players. Furthermore, it is advised to involve sports psychology experts to discuss players’ psychological states and confidence levels in order to promote their development.