Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The effect of motor education lessons in developing some creative abilities and enhancing the principles of sustainable development for children of the private kindergarten of the buds of hope

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to identify the effectiveness of proposed educational units for motor education lessons in developing creative abilities (fluency, imagination, originality) among children of the private Buds of Hope Kindergarten and to know the differences between the results of the proposed educational units and the traditional curriculum in developing creative abilities. The research community consisted of (50) children from Al-Amal Kindergarten for the academic year 2024-2025 in Basra Governorate who joined two classes A-B and were divided into two equal groups (experimental and control). Creativity tests were conducted on them for pre-school children after designing motor activities related to the environment and sustainability such as recycling activities and designing games that include collecting and classifying balls or colored objects according to materials that can be recycled. We concluded that there were significant differences between the two groups and the post-test in the creative abilities tests (fluency, imagination, originality) and that the students were at a level not less than average.

The effect of sensorimotor games and brain-directed motor exercises on developing children's creative abilities

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to design an educational curriculum using sensorimotor games to develop the creative abilities of children aged (5-6) years. The experimental method was used using the experimental design of two equal groups, one experimental and the other control, to suit the nature of this research. The research community was represented by children of Al-Zohour Kindergarten aged 5-6 years in Basra Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024), numbering 50 children. Conclusions were reached, including that sensorimotor games and brain-directed motor exercises have a positive effect on developing the skills of fluency, originality and imagination for children aged (5-6) years. The researchers recommended the necessity of using sensorimotor games and motor exercises in developing the various creative abilities of children

The impact of the model of visual motor task learning supported by VAR technology V.A.M.T.L.M on the motor learning outcomes of some basic boxing movements among students

Manaf Majid Hassan, Sarah Sami Shabib, Ali Sami Shabib — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to identify the impact of the model of visual motor task learning supported by VAR technology V.A.M.T.L.M on the motor learning outcomes of some basic boxing movements for students. The study used the experimental method with a non-equivalent groups design with pre- and post-tests. The study used two tests to evaluate the performance of the straight punch and hook punch in boxing. The procedures of the V.A.M.T.L.M learning model were applied in two stages: preparatory and implementation. The study concluded that the V.A.M.T.L.M model of visual motor task learning supported by VAR technology has a positive impact on the motor learning outcomes of some basic boxing movements for students compared to the traditional teaching method of command and teacher guidance.

The reality of sports injuries among students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in light of blended education

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to identify the most common types of injuries among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Anbar University and at all educational levels under blended education. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature and objectives of the study. The research sample was students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Anbar University for the academic year (2021/2022). For the morning study, the researchers relied on distributing the questionnaire form to the members of the research sample, as the researchers concluded that muscle injuries are the most common types of injuries to which the sample members were exposed, and muscle spasm, muscle bruises and joint sprains are the most common injuries. Accordingly, it was recommended to pay attention to the playground floor for training in practical lessons and to make more effort to maintain it continuously and permanently.

The effect of training using the 4D PRO device on the starting speed and digital level in abdominal crawl swimmers for juniors"

Yaseen Habeeb Azzal, Ahmed Mustafa Ahmed — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aims of the research is to identify the effect of (4D PRO) training on the speed of the starting distance and the emerging digital level of the Crawl Swimming on the stomach, as the researchers used the experimental method and the researchers used the experimental design using Pre- and Post- measurement, due to its suitability to the nature of the research, and the basic research sample included (15) swimmers who were deliberately selected from the swimmers of the Beni Suef Sports club. The results of the research showed the effectiveness of the proposed 4D PRO training and identified the extent of its effect on the speed of the starting distance and the emerging digital level of the crawl swimming on the stomach, and the researchers recommend the necessity of using 4D PRO training because of its positive results proven in research

The effect of special exercises with a designed training device on developing some biomechanical variables and the level of technical performance of the handstand skill with switching half a turn on the parallel apparatus in artistic gymnastics for advanced students

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to design a training device as well as design special exercises on that device. The researchers used the experimental method and designed a single experimental group with pre- and post-tests. The research sample was represented by the players of the national team for the advanced category in artistic gymnastics, numbering (5) players for the training season (2023-2024). The special exercises were applied on the designed training device at a rate of three training units per week and the results were obtained. The researchers concluded that the use of special exercises on the designed training device had a positive impact on the development of biokinematic variables and the level of technical performance of the skill of standing on the hands with a half-turn switch on the parallel device. Accordingly, it was recommended that special exercises designed by the researchers be adopted to develop the biokinematic variables of the skill of standing on the hands with a half-turn switch

An analytical study of the most important biomechanical variables for the rising stage and their relationship to the flow of movement for the volleyball smashing skill

Mustafa Thabit Oudh, wissam mohmmed Issa — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to identify the most important biokinematic variables of the rise phase when performing the smash skill in volleyball. The researchers used the descriptive approach to address the problem. The research sample was the players of the national volleyball team. The researchers concluded that the spread of the knee angle for the rise phase greatly affects the bio kinematic performance variables because it reduces the rise time and maintains the amount of movement acquired from approach. The most important recommendations were to emphasize the rise phase for its great importance and its impact on the rest of the stages when performing the smash skill in volleyball.

The effect of an educational program using some aids in learning the skill of scoring with the sole of the foot in football for first-year intermediate female students

Shatha Hussein Mohamed — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to: Know the effect of using some aids in learning the skill of scoring with the sole of the foot in football for female students. The researcher used the experimental method on a sample of (60) female students. The sample was divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group consisted of (30) female students and the control group also consisted of (30) female students. An educational program was proposed using aids to learn the skill of scoring with the sole of the foot. The educational program consisted of (12) educational units and continued for (6) weeks at a rate of (2) units per week. After completion, the researcher conducted the post-test and processed the data statistically using the statistical package (SPSS). The researcher concluded that the use of aids in learning the skill of scoring with the sole of the foot for first-year intermediate female students helped the experimental group learn this skill better and had a clear positive effect in raising the level of performance for this skill. The researcher recommended the necessity of using aids in Teaching the skill of scoring with the sole of the foot to first-year middle school students for its positive impact on learning this skill

The effect of competition exercises in the style of compression play in developing the complex skills of futsal players for the deaf and dumb

Sami Odeh Saleh Ahmed , Aqeel Hassan Faleh — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to identify the impact of the use of competition exercises in the style of playing pressure in the development of compound skills for futsal players for the deaf and dumb, and the researchers used the experimental approach to the appropriateness and nature of the research problem by designing the two groups (experimental and control) with pre- and post-tests and the research sample were deaf and dumb players for the Basra Paralympic Club, as the researchers concluded that the exercises used in the training program have a positive impact on the development of compound skills for futsal players for the deaf and dumb, as well as the researchers recommended Paying attention to competition exercises in a compressive style of play in developing the complex skills of futsal players and to be under the attention of coaches to review them by applying these important methods for For their players and to be basic in their training curricula instead of being secondary exercises during daily training.

The effect of training According to the Lactic Threshold to Develop Defensive and Offensive Performance on some Functional variables in Blood and Liver for a Young soccer Players

Fatima Haider Majeed, fadhel dahham Mansour, Jasim Nafi Hummadi — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to prepare training according to the anaerobic threshold to know its effect on developing performance endurance and some functional variables of the blood and liver. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem. The research sample was determined by the young players of the Eastern Football Club, numbering (18) players, who were divided into two groups (experimental and control). The researchers used the following statistical methods within the SPSS statistical package to process the research results. The researchers concluded that training according to the lactic threshold contributed to developing performance endurance, which was positively reflected on the functional variables of the blood (red and white blood cells and cortisol). The researchers recommend the necessity of adopting the test results as indicators and a guide to organize the vocabulary of training curricula.

The effect of visual abilities exercises in developing the effectiveness of technical performance in boxing

Mahdi Zuhair Khalaf, Montather Majeed Ali, Abdullkadhum Jaleel Hassan — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to prepare educational units using visual abilities exercises to develop the effectiveness of technical performance in boxing. The experimental approach was used. The research sample numbered (16) boxers and they were divided into two groups, the first experimental group numbering (8) boxers and the second control group numbering (8). The researchers concluded that the proposed educational program showed a positive effect of visual abilities exercises in developing the level of effectiveness of technical performance for boxers. The researchers recommend using visual abilities exercises because of their effect in developing the effectiveness of technical performance for boxers

The effect of special exercises in reducing the differences in the crossing step between the ten hurdles and achieving the 110-meter hurdles run

Ahmed Ali Sadiq, Ali Razaq Reda, Hanaa wali Dubai, Hayder balash jebur — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to identify the effect of special exercises in achieving the (110)m hurdles running effectiveness. The researchers used the experimental method with a single-group design, in order to suit the nature of the research problem. The research community was represented by the young players of Al-Samawah Club, numbering (6) players. Then the researchers worked to determine the research variables, which were (step of crossing each hurdle, achievement of the 110m hurdles effectiveness). The researchers concluded that the special exercises prepared by the researchers contributed to reducing the differences in the crossing step between the ten hurdles, which led to regularity of the running speed during the 110m hurdles distance. Accordingly, the researchers recommended that the trainers use step length and applied pressure exercises, which include coordination exercises, as they play a role in improving the difference in the crossing step and achievement of the 110m hurdles effectiveness.

Rehabilitation of people with minor partial rupture of the ankle joint using the Challenge Disc device and rubber cords to improve motor balance and muscle strength

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to prepare rehabilitation exercises using the (Challenge Disc) device and rubber ropes to improve the motor balance and muscle strength of the injured ankle joint ligaments. The single-group experimental approach was used to suit the nature of the current study problem. The research sample included (patients with partial rupture of the medial and lateral ligaments) with (6) athletes, at a rate of two for each game and activity (basketball, volleyball, 110 hurdles runners). After conducting the relevant tests and trying the prepared exercises for (6) weeks, statistical operations were conducted, and several conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that there are significant statistical differences between the pre- and post-tests in the motor balance and muscle strength of the injured ligaments. In light of the conclusions, the researchers recommended the necessity of conducting similar studies on samples of patients in other games and activities due to the importance of this topic and generalizing the results of the study to serve the public interest.

The effect of using training tools to develop some physical abilities and biomechanical variables for the skill of the salto backward piked preceded by the Arab jump on the floor movement apparatus in artistic gymnastics for youth

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to identify the effect of using training tools in developing some physical abilities and biomechanical variables of the skill of the backward aerial flip on the floor movement's device in artistic gymnastics. The researchers used the experimental method and designed a single experimental group with pre- and post-tests. The research sample was represented by players of the specialized academy in artistic gymnastics, numbering (7) players aged between (10-12) years. After the end of the experiment and obtaining the results and processing them statistically, the researchers concluded that the use of training tools has achieved a noticeable development of physical abilities and most of the studied biomechanical variables. Therefore, the researchers recommend the necessity of adopting the training tools used in developing physical abilities and biomechanical variables, as well as the necessity of providing training tools in training halls by the competent authorities, especially with emerging groups

The effect of muscle balancing exercises on some physical abilities to develop arm movement in breaststroke swimming (50m) for the junior national team

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to investigate the effect of the amount of development of arm strokes on achievement in the 50m breaststroke event. The researchers used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the problem in order to achieve the research objectives, by designing a single group with pre- and post-tests. After the research community was defined as young swimmers, aged between (15-16) years, numbering (5) swimmers representing the research community and sample, the researchers concluded that the muscular balance of the arms has a significant effect on achievement in the 50m breaststroke event. Accordingly, it was recommended: It is necessary to use shoulder and spine flexibility exercises in addition to rubber rope exercises to develop the flexibility of the 50m breaststroke event

Designing an educational curriculum using the variable exercise method and its effect on learning the stages of high jump effectiveness

Diana Ghanem Yahya, Aseel Jalil Katea, Haider Faeq Al Shamaa — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The effectiveness of the high jump is one of the important individual games that is characterized by the difficulty of technical performance. The importance of the research lies in designing an educational curriculum using the variable exercise method to perform a better motor path and its effect on learning the stages of the effectiveness of the high jump. The researchers used the experimental method on a sample of (20) female students in the fourth stage, section (B), divided into two experimental and control groups. An educational curriculum using the variable exercise method was used for the experimental group for a period of (6 weeks) at a rate of two educational units per week. The researchers concluded that there is a positive effect in designing the educational curriculum using the variable exercise method and its effect on learning the stages of the effectiveness of the high jump.

The effect of educational units on mental rotation and modifying the students’ attitude in teaching the skills of handling and rolling in indoor soccer

Nabeel ahmed abed — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to prepare educational units to develop mental rotation and modify the direction of female students in motor skills in futsal, where the researcher used the experimental method with one group with a pre- and post-test to suit the nature of the problem, while the research sample was represented by first-year intermediate students at Al-Ritaj Intermediate School for Girls, numbering (30) students, and in the deliberate manner, and the researcher adopted the direction modification scale, and the researcher concluded that the educational units achieved the goal through the significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests, and he recommended paying attention to modifying the direction of female students for team games, especially soccer

An analytical study of the reality of the dimensions of career maturity among workers in youth and sports forums in Basra - Dhi Qar - Maysan Governorate

Ziad Jalal Khader, Abdul Halim Jabr Nazzal — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to build and apply a functional maturity scale for employees in youth and sports forums in Basra Governorate - Dhi Qar - Maysan. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method because it is suitable for the research objectives and the nature of the problem. The research sample was the employees of youth and sports forums in Basra Governorate - Dhi Qar - Maysan. The questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for collecting data. The statistical program (SPSS) was also adopted for the purpose of analyzing the collected data. The researchers concluded that the dimensions of functional maturity are available in the researched field. Accordingly, it was recommended that greater attention be paid to functional maturity by holding continuous development courses.

The effect of physical effort training in terms of partial oxygen pressure on developing speed endurance and achieving 10,000-meter running for men

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to prepare physical effort training to develop oxygen partial pressure, speed endurance and completion of 10,000-meter running for men. The researchers used the experimental method with equivalent groups and the research community was determined as 10,000-meter men's running players in Baghdad Governorate clubs (Army Sports Club, Police Sports Club, Al-Hashd Sports Club) for the 2024 sports season, with (12) runners. The researchers reached the most important conclusions: a positive effect of physical effort training in terms of oxygen partial pressure in developing speed endurance and completion of 10,000-meter running for the experimental group.

Building and legalizing the concentration of the Paralawabiya Paralympic and remembrance of the sword of the fencing

Noor hatem alhaddad, Saja shukur yas — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to build two tests of attention concentration and memory for fencing players on fixed chairs and to standardize the two tests built for fencing players on fixed chairs. The research method adopted the descriptive method. Its suitability The limits of the community of this research were represented by fencing players on fixed chairs for categories A)) and (B) who are continuing their training in the sports season (2023-2024) with a number of (50) fencers. Standardization was carried out, i.e. preparing a table of standards, and it was concluded that building the attention concentration test was appropriate to measure this skill for fencing on chairs and has the scientific foundations and coefficients for its acceptance. The researchers concluded that building the attention concentration skill test was appropriate to measure this skill for fencing on chairs and has the scientific foundations and coefficients for its acceptance, and it is possible to evaluate them standardly by it. As for the recommendations, it is necessary to adopt attention concentration and memory tests to measure fencing players on fixed chairs and evaluate their level.

Studying the reality of bullying levels in the sports field for players of some individual and team games (Analytical study)

Fadhel Baqer Mutasher, Mustafa Abdul Zahra, Munadil Adel Qasim — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to build and standardize a bullying scale in the sports environment for players of some team and individual games. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research sample consisted of 185 athletes in a random manner. The participatory observation tool and the questionnaire tool were adopted. After collecting information, analyzing the questionnaire data, and using statistical methods and repetitions, we reached the most important results: Building and standardizing a tool to measure bullying in the sports environment in some team and individual games. One of the most important recommendations presented in this research is the necessity of conducting educational and psychological workshops and seminars to demonstrate the danger of bullying on the psychological and behavioral aspects of athletes.

The effect of flexible bar and isolation cube exercises on developing the types of muscle strength, upper limb motor balance, mechanical launch variables, and digital level of male shot put throwers

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of flexible bar and isolation cube training in developing types of muscle strength and motor balance of the upper limb. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equivalent experimental groups. The research sample was the weight throwers for the 2024 sports season who won the first eight places in the Iraqi Clubs Championship out of 12 players participating in the competition held at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Stadium / University of Sulaymaniyah. The types of strength (maximum, explosive, characterized by speed) and motor balance of the upper limbs were measured and the achievement test was photographed to extract mechanical launch variables through photography. The researchers concluded that the special training for types of muscle strength of the upper limb with the flexible bar and isolation cube used by the experimental group and the regular weight training used by the control group led to the development of types of muscle strength (maximum, characterized by speed, explosive). The researchers also recommend the use of unilateral training (with one limb) with the isolation cube and flexible bar.

Determine numerical indicators to measure mechanical power, work done, and predict the level of jump shooting accuracy for advanced basketball players

Mustafa Abdulrahman Mohammed, Saif Ali Mohammed, Amani Alaa Abbas — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to modify the mechanical ability test by using a device manufactured for advanced basketball players. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method due to its suitability and the nature of the study problem. The research sample was advanced basketball players in Basra Club. The researchers concluded that the modified test should be adopted as an objective measurement method for measuring mechanical ability. The researchers recommend expanding scientific studies and developing different tests to measure other age groups

The effect of special exercises similar to skill performance in developing the performance of the great posterior circle skill on the chin-up apparatus for juniors

Kadhim Issa Kadhim — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to prepare special exercises similar to the skill performance on the chin-up device. The researcher used the experimental method after homogenizing the research sample. The research sample was gymnastics players in the junior category aged (11-13) years affiliated with the training center in Dhi Qar Governorate. The special exercises were applied to the research sample, which consisted of 18 training units. The researcher concluded that the special exercises have an effective role in developing the skill performance of the research sample. The researcher also recommended that the special exercises contributed positively to developing the performance of the large back circle on the chin-up device

Building a female model for the weight path in the snatch lift for the Egyptian world champion weightlifter Sarah Samir

Saif Ali Nasser — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to identify the analysis of the variables related to the weight path, and the researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of survey studies, in which the researcher is interested in observing the phenomenon and collecting information about it in the current state. The research sample was the Egyptian international weightlifter (Sarah Samir) - junior category, as a side-view clip of the stages of the snatch lift was obtained through interviews and correspondence on social media. The variables were analyzed using the Kinovea program, and the researcher concluded that the weightlifter enjoys high technical performance, reflecting the application of mechanical characteristics and principles. The researcher also recommends the necessity of taking the results of this research and benefiting from them during the stages of learning and training.

University of Basrah as a model for sustainable sports and enhancing national identity in light of digital transformations

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to analyze how sustainable sports activities contribute to consolidating national values and enhancing community belonging at the University of Basra, in line with its cultural and social specificities. The study seeks to propose effective strategies for investing modern technology and digital transformations in developing the sports sector at the University of Basra, which contributes to achieving sustainable development. The study community represents professional and amateur athletes, sports team coaches, local sports officials and club administrations. School and university students, and local community members interested in sports). The researchers concluded that the results showed a strong statistical significance for sustainable sports on enhancing national identity at the University of Basra. The researchers recommend developing sustainable sports programs that focus on enhancing national identity

The effect of the self-regulated learning method on the perceptual-motor awareness of learning some scouting skills for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to discover the extent of the impact of the educational program on the self-regulated learning style and the psychological scale in motor awareness to learn some scouting skills for students of colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences. The researchers adopted the experimental approach because it is compatible with the nature of the research problem, and by designing the method of two equal groups with pre- and post-tests, where the research sample included first-stage students at the University of Kufa - College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences with (60) students divided into two groups, one experimental and the other control. The assistance was used in preparing the motor awareness scale after conducting statistical and psychometric literature. An educational plan was also prepared according to the self-regulated learning program. The researchers concluded that there is a difference and an impact of both the self-regulated learning style and the method followed in learning some scouting skills: knots, ties and cycles - opening and undermining the tent - works Leadership and recommendations were reached, the most important of which is the interest in the method of self-regulated learning, as it is appropriate in the educational units taught in universities, which increases the independence of students, activates them, and shows the distinguished among them

Variation of genetic variants of ACE and its relationship to some physical abilities of air pistol shooters

Israa Hashem Jayyan — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to identify the physical abilities according to the genetic diversity of the ACE gene for air pistol shooters. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach using the comparison method to suit the problem and nature of the research. The sample of the research was the players of the Iraqi Central Federation Youth Team in the air pistol event. The researcher determined the most important physical measurements (morphology). Before all that, preparations were made and the appropriate procedures for measuring the gene (ACE) were determined. The researcher concluded that choosing the sample according to the genetic formation leads to easy access to the higher levels and achieving a clear achievement. She also recommended conducting similar studies using exercises according to genetic genes on other weapons (foil, rifle, bow and arrow).

A comparative study of the recovery speed index among deaf youth sprinters

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to identify the recovery speed index among deaf youth sprinters. The researchers used the descriptive approach due to its suitability and the nature of the research. The sample of the research was the Paralympic players in Diyala Governorate for short runs. As a result of the rapid development in the components of the training load, interest began in sports recovery processes and the speed of ridding the player of the effects of fatigue resulting from the training dose or competition. The researchers concluded that the players of both events, 100m and 400m freestyle, are at an average level of ability. They also recommended emphasizing the use of the anaerobic capacity index due to its importance in reflecting the health and physical condition of the players and its reflection on the level of their technical performance.

Refereeing performance as a result of the smart leadership of referees in the Iraqi Volleyball Federation

Mohamed Monther Mohamed — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to prepare a scale for smart leadership among the referees of the Iraqi Volleyball Federation. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey approach to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined from all the referees of the Iraqi Central Volleyball Federation, numbering (52) referees. The researcher selected the research sample from the research community itself. A number of phrases were formulated, numbering (31) phrases, and they were presented to the experts. Four phrases were deleted. After that, the scientific foundations were applied so that the scale consisted of (27) phrases. Then, the final image of the scale was applied to the research sample for the period from (11/15/2024) to (12/20/2024). The researcher concluded a positive relationship between refereeing performance and smart leadership of referees. The researcher recommended that volleyball referees in Iraq pay attention to increasing their capabilities in smart leadership and training on it, as it has a very large role in the effectiveness of their performance in the matches they lead

Some Mental Abilities and Their Relationship to the Accuracy of Performing the Court Defense Skill among Volleyball Juniors

Ahmed Hassan Saber Al Kaabi — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to identify the relationship between some mental abilities and their relationship to the accuracy of the performance of the skill of defending the field among volleyball juniors. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the correlational method. As for the research community, it represents a selected group of players from Maysan Governorate's volleyball team for juniors for the (2023) Football League, as the study sample included (42) players. The researcher concluded that there is a significant correlation between some mental abilities (focusing attention and perception) and the accuracy of the performance of the skill of defending the field among junior volleyball players. Accordingly, it was recommended to emphasize the importance of developing some mental abilities (focusing attention and perception) by using special exercises that contribute to the speed of response and reaction of the player in performing the skill of defending the field in volleyball for juniors

An analytical study of the reality of sports media systems in the (Gulf 25) Championship from the point of view of media professionals

Ali Sadiq Mal Allah , Abdul Halim Jabr Nazzal , Haider Awfi Ahmed — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to build and apply a scale of sports media systems within the (Gulf 25) Championship from the point of view of media professionals. The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research. The research community consists of workers in sports media organizations in the Gulf 25 Football Championship. The sample was chosen intentionally and consisted of media professionals participating in the Gulf 25 Championship held in Iraq, numbering 600 media professionals. The tool used is to design and build a scale of the reality of sports media systems within the Gulf 25 Championship. The researchers concluded that media systems, especially the visual system, have a large and prominent role in directing and educating the masses about the events of the Gulf 25 Championship. The most important recommendations of the researchers are to adopt strategic planning in order to bring about fundamental developments in various sports media

yaseer The effect of the Hilda model in learning some basic skills in freestyle swimming for students

Mustafa Abdul-Ridha Kazim, Ghassan Habeeb Abdulwahhab, ATHEER ABBAS MUSTAFA — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of Hilda's model in learning some basic skills in free swimming for students and the researchers used the experimental method. The research community was the first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basra. The researcher concluded that Hilda's model is important and essential in learning some basic skills in free swimming for students. Accordingly, it was recommended to adopt Hilda's model as it is important and essential in learning some basic skills in free swimming for students.

The effect of Bulgarian (contrasting) training within exercises on developing strength endurance and forehand and backhand ground strokes in young tennis players

Azzam Issa, Abdali Jahfar — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of the Bulgarian training method (contrasting) within exercises in developing strength endurance and forehand and backhand ground strokes for young tennis players. The researchers adopted the experimental method as it is the most appropriate method to address the research problem and achieve its objectives, especially with the design of the two equivalent groups (control and experimental). The research sample was the tennis players of the Shatt al-Arab Youth Club in Basra Governorate. The researchers concluded that the Bulgarian training method (contrasting) within exercises is important in raising the level of strength endurance and forehand and backhand ground strokes for young tennis players. Accordingly, the researchers recommended adopting the Bulgarian training method (contrasting) within exercises because it is important in raising the level of strength endurance and forehand and backhand ground strokes for young tennis players.

The effect of physical effort according to the energy currency system on ATP synthesis and chemical variables of membrane transport in young volleyball players

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to determine the numerical values of the chemical variables of membrane transport according to the energy currency system among young volleyball players. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method because it is compatible with the nature of the research problem. The sample of the research was the young volleyball players of the Al-Daghara Sports Club for the 2024-2025 season. The researchers concluded that physical effort according to the energy currency system has a precise relationship with the synthesis of ATP in a way that provides us with important numerical values. Accordingly, the researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the results obtained according to the energy currency system. It has a precise relationship with the synthesis of ATP that is consistent with the prevailing energy system in volleyball.

The effect of speed-mixing exercises on short-term anaerobic capacity (phosphate) and skill performance of young soccer players

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to know the effect of mixing speed exercises on anaerobic ability (phosphagen) and skill performance of young football players. The researchers adopted the applied approach. The research community was determined by the players of Al-Najaf Sports Club for the sports season (2023-2024), numbering (30) players. Therefore, the researchers determined the measures and tests of variables. The researchers concluded that mixing speed exercises had a positive effect on skill performance by increasing the activity of special muscle work, and also that mixing speed exercises helped develop anaerobic ability (phosphagen) and skill performance of young players. Accordingly, the researchers recommended that club and national team coaches use mixing speed exercises in their training curricula because of its positive effect on players.

The effect of reciprocal training using the (max verti) device in developing the strength endurance of the legs And the achievement of the 200-meter race

Ali Hani Abdul Walid, Abdullah Shanna Faraj, Ansam Khazal Jabbar — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of reciprocal training using the (max verti) device in developing the strength endurance of the legs and achieving the 200-meter race. The experimental method was used to address the research problem, as the sample was 200-meter runners at Basra Sports Club. The researchers concluded that reciprocal training using the (max verti) device is important and essential in developing the strength endurance of the legs and achieving the 200-meter race. Accordingly, it was recommended to emphasize strength endurance as an important and essential requirement to achieve the achievement in the 200-meter race, and developing it using the (max verti) device gives better results.

The role of artificial intelligence techniques in improving the outcomes of judo

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to identify the role of artificial intelligence techniques in improving the outcomes of judo. The researchers used the descriptive approach and the basic research sample included (387) physical education teachers (teachers in government schools - private schools - female students of the College of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences at Taibah University) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researchers concluded that artificial intelligence techniques help solve some of the problems facing teachers in the educational process and help acquire knowledge and information to make sound administrative decisions that benefit the educational process by improving the level of physical, skill and planning performance in judo. Accordingly, it was recommended to use artificial intelligence techniques such as simulation in teaching judo

Changes accompanying general and special preparation stages and their impact on some functional indicators of circulatory system and heart muscle and concentration of growth hormones and testosterone and the special strength of young football players

Hasan Abdulhadi Lhemus, Ammar Jassim Muslim — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to identify the differences in tests and measurements between the two preparation stages (general and special) in some functional indicators and growth hormones and testosterone and the special strength of the research sample. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach with the descriptive method for its suitability to the nature of the study. As for the research sample, the research community was determined by (Al-Zubair Club) for the youth football category, numbering 23 players (2023/2024). The researchers relied on testing and measurement to measure the variables under study. The most important Conclusions: There are some differences in the functional and hormonal aspects as a result of the players in both stages undergoing exercises characterized by developing oxygen capacity and special strength, and an improvement in special strength in the research sample, which is an indicator of the good selection of special exercises by the coach in the special preparation stage. As for the most important recommendations, it was to increase emphasis on understanding and employing the components of the load in a manner that is appropriate for each stage to reach responses that are consistent with the characteristics of the stage and the type of game practiced by the players

Offensive performance in terms of the spirit of challenge and some bio-kinetic abilities of young volleyball players

Mitham Razzaq Abdul Muslim, Ahmed Radhi Habib, Ghaith Mohammed Karim — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to know the offensive performance, the spirit of challenge and some bio-kinetic abilities of young volleyball players. The survey method, correlation and prediction were used, which are among the most important methods of the descriptive approach. The exploratory sample included (10) players, representing (8.33%), and the application sample included (48) players, representing (40%). The study procedures were represented by applying the spirit of challenge scale and technical performance tests for offensive skills and bio-kinetic abilities. The most important conclusions were that young volleyball players enjoy offensive performance, the spirit of challenge and some bio-kinetic abilities. There is a correlation between offensive performance, the spirit of challenge and some bio-kinetic abilities. The most important recommendations are to benefit from the spirit of challenge scale, which was built and applied to detect the spirit of challenge of young volleyball players. Use the offensive performance tests, the spirit of challenge and some bio-kinetic abilities to select young volleyball players

Effect of psychomotor exercises according to the Mexican school on self-confidence and some basic skills among young boxing players

Ali Hassan Ali — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to determine the relationship between the dimensions of psychomotor exercises and the levels of performance of the basic abilities specified for selecting boxing players in Baghdad boxing clubs. The research used the descriptive survey method, as the research sample included 72 boxers from five clubs in Baghdad. The scale of psychomotor exercises dimensions was applied to the sample, and a motor training program was implemented for eight weeks. The research found a direct and substantial relationship between the criteria of psychomotor exercises, and the researcher recommended the importance of trainers focusing on the psychological dimension as a basic factor affecting the boxer's athletic performance.

The effect of autogenic relaxation exercises on emotional arousal and some kinematic variables in the 110m hurdles race

Mohammed Hussein Al-Sarkhi, Ameera Mohammed Adham, Rehab Ahmed Hafez — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to know the difference in the degrees of arousal and the values of some kinematic variables for the 110-meter hurdles race, in the results of the two post-tests for the two groups. The researchers used the experimental method using the equivalent group's method to suit the problem of our research as a means to reach the goal and purpose to verify the hypotheses. The research sample was a group of young runners in the 110-meter hurdles race in Maysan for the year 2024 AD. The researchers concluded that self-relaxation exercises had an effect on the values of the emotional arousal results in the post-tests. Accordingly, the researchers recommended that coaches use self-relaxation exercises during the psychological preparation period

2- The necessity of paying attention to the psychological preparation of 110-meter hurdles runners and developing the use of their skills.

3- Qualifying trainers and enabling them to use some psychological methods that help reduce some psychological pressures

Self-support Psychological flow and its relationship to the spirit of challenge among players in the Iraqi Professional Basketball League

Ali Mohammed Hadi Abboud, Riad Nouri Abbas, Mohammed Rahim Faaeal Aubead — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to identify the level of psychological flow and the spirit of challenge among the players of the professional basketball league clubs in Iraq. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and standard and correlational scores. The research community was the players of the professional basketball league clubs, numbering (144) players representing (12) clubs. The most important conclusions were that the two tools are ready to reveal the level of psychological flow and the spirit of challenge among the players of the professional basketball league in Iraq. The highest percentage obtained by the players within the levels was average. The most important recommendations are to adopt these two tools to measure the psychological flow and the spirit of challenge among the players of the professional basketball league in Iraq.

The effect of ballistic exercises on developing strength endurance and speed in the 100m run for the deaf

Nibras Adnan Hattroush, Duha Abdul Jabbar Muhammad, Sarah Akram Hamid — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to identify the importance of ballistic training in sports because it has an important role in developing physical abilities and physiological indicators and achieving achievement in sports, including track and field events. The experimental research method was adopted because it is compatible with solving the problem to be researched. The research sample was players who are classified by the Diyala Committee supervising track and field events, specifically the (100-meter) running event for people with disabilities, the deaf and dumb category, who are being qualified to participate in upcoming competitions. The researchers concluded that the ballistic training used with the experimental group achieved the required development in improving strength endurance and speed endurance in the post-tests. Accordingly, it was recommended to adopt ballistic training to develop strength endurance and speed endurance to achieve (100)-meter running for people with disabilities, the (deaf and dumb) category.

The effectiveness of special exercises accompanied by the nutritional supplement (Extend BCAA) in the rehabilitation of carpal tunnel injury in advanced football goalkeepers

Mustafa Mohammed Ali Farhan; Haidar Mohammed Ali Farhan — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to prepare special exercises to accompany the nutritional supplement (Extend BCAA). The researchers followed the experimental method with two experimental groups with a pre-test and a post-test to suit the nature of the research problem. The research sample was guards with carpal tunnel injury in Wasit clubs. Regarding the research procedure, the researchers identified the field research variables to suit the type of injury, and the appropriate tests for those variables were identified. The researchers concluded that there is an effective role played by exercises and nutritional supplements on the research sample. The researchers recommend adopting those exercises and nutritional supplements in rehabilitating this injury, in addition to adopting nutritional supplements in rehabilitating sports injuries, each according to the type of injury.

The contribution of some kinematic variables for the starting stage and their relationship to the achievement of the men's 100-meter sprint

Abeer Hashem Mohammed Ali, Hassan Aqeel Mohammed Nouri — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to identify the most important kinematic variables of the launch phase. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlations to suit the nature of the problem to be studied. The researchers identified the research community as track and field runners for the 100m event in Iraq for the men's category for the 2024 sports season, numbering (16) runners. (6) runners were selected from Maysan Governorate as a sample for the research, thus forming a percentage of (37.5%) of the research community. The most important conclusions reached by the researchers are as follows: All study variables achieved positive contribution rates with achievement, and the push angle (rise) during the launch phase achieved the highest contribution rate to the speed of completing 100m. The most important recommendations were to emphasize the importance of applying biomechanical principles during the education and training of all age groups and all technical stages of the 100m event, and to conduct periodic tests and kinetic analysis to monitor the level of development in the technical and mechanical aspects and discover the defect to address it.

Predictive value of the performance of the skills of handstand and double rise on bar in terms of reflective thinking for artistic gymnastics players

Marwa Abdul Jabbar Aboub, Muthanna Hafez Dawood, Rasoul Mohi Shamkhi — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to know the percentage of the predictive value of the performance of the skills of standing on the hand and the double rise on the bar in terms of reflective thinking for artistic gymnastics players. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach. The research community was determined intentionally. They are players from the middle and southern Euphrates region for six clubs (Al-Amara Club, Karbala Club, Babylon Club, Nasiriyah Club, and Samawah Club - Basra Club) as they are participants in the championship. The researchers concluded that the skill performance cannot be predicted in terms of estimates and reflective thinking for artistic gymnastics players. Accordingly, the researchers recommended the possibility of using the current scale by researchers and specialists in measuring reflective thinking in their studies related to artistic gymnastics players.

Biomechanical analysis of some variables of the straight front punch in boxing and its relationship to the accuracy of performance

Riyadh Alsaeed, Abdullah Tahseen Hashem, Yousif Hasan Khalaf — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to identify some of the biomechanical factors that influence the accuracy of the jab in boxing, such as speed and power, with a focus on the correct execution of the punch through accuracy tests. The research sample consisted of thirty boxers, where motion capture, force plates, and high-speed cameras were used to analyze biomechanical variables such as punch speed, punch force, and ground reaction force. The results indicated that punch speed showed a strong correlation with accuracy, while punch force did not exhibit a strong correlation with accuracy, suggesting that force coordination did not play a significant role in achieving accuracy, unlike speed. These findings emphasize the importance of speed training to enhance the correlation with punch accuracy and improve the training process and skill development of boxers