Relative Assessment of Fitness and Functional Indicators as Determinants of Respiratory Reserve in Futsal Players and Middle-Distance Runners
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the relative contribution of selected physical and physiological variables to the respiratory reserve level among futsal players and middle-distance runners, using a descriptive survey method. The sample consisted of 12 athletes equally divided between the two groups. Physiological and physical assessments included heart rate, respiratory rate, speed endurance, and leg explosive strength, along with respiratory reserve measured via specialized medical equipment. The results revealed significant differences between the two groups across all studied variables. Middle-distance runners showed superior performance in respiratory reserve, heart rate efficiency, speed endurance, and leg power, while futsal players recorded higher respiratory rates. The study also highlighted varying contribution rates of each variable to respiratory reserve, reflecting the impact of training type on physiological and physical adaptations. The study recommends regular functional assessments of athletes’ respiratory and circulatory systems, and encourages further research involving other sports disciplines and additional variables to enhance athletic performance based on scientific foundations.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Bassam Salameh, H. (2026). The effectiveness of modern training styles (Tabata, Fartlek, & slopes) in developing some physical variables and physiological indicators among young football players. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v36i1.1261
Hassan Faleh, A., Hamid Salman, L., & Ghaleb Shehab, S. (2024). The effect of speed endurance exercises on developing some physical abilities and functional and biochemical variables of football referees. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 28(1), 195–213. https://jsrse.edu.iq/index.php/home/article/view/967
Kashan Abd alhassn, L., & Jasim Muslim, A. (2021). some basic skills in open soccer and their relationship to job indicators For youth goalkeepers. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 31(1), 89–101. https://jsrse.edu.iq/index.php/home/article/view/81
Mohammed Ali Qadir, J., & Karim Ali, A. (2024). Short-term phosphagen anoxic functional efficiency and its relationship to the accuracy of skill performance High head butting in futsal players. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 28(1), 147–159. https://jsrse.edu.iq/index.php/home/article/view/962
Mohammed, M., Farhan, A., & Mohammed, H. (2025). The effectiveness of special exercises accompanied by the nutritional supplement (Extend BCAA) in the rehabilitation of carpal tunnel injury in advanced football goalkeepers. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i2.1022©Authors
Qadir, H. M., & Abdullah, A. A. H. (2025). The Effect of intermittent Training with Varying Intensities on Selected Physiological Variables and Maximal Aerobic Speed in U-17 Football Players. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 35(4), 567–554. https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i4.1204
Abu Al-Ala Ahmed and Muhammad Hassanein: Physiology and Morphology of Sport, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1997
Risan Khribat Majeed: Research Methods in Physical Education, Mosul, Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, 1987
Sadiq Abbas Ali: The Effect of a Training Method Using Competitive Exercises on Developing Some Specific Physical Abilities, Basic Skills, and Individual Tactical Principles in Handball, PhD Dissertation, College of Physical Education, University of Basra, 2006
Dhia Ali Abdullah: The Effect of a Proposed Training Program Using Circuit Training with Specific Exercises on Developing Some Physical Qualities and Motor Skills in Handball, Master's Thesis, College of Physical Education for Girls, University of Baghdad, 2000
Gaiton and Hall (translated) Sadiq Al-Hilali: Reference in Medical Physiology, World Health Organization (Regional Office - Eastern Mediterranean), 1997
Falah Mahdi and Shatha Mahawish: The Effect of Speed Training on Determining the Level of Creatine, Phosphorus, and Phosphokinase Enzyme Activity, Second Scientific Conference on Training and Sports Physiology, 2009
Falah Mahdi (et al.): The Effect of Strength Training Using Static, Dynamic, and Mixed Methods on Developing Anaerobic Capacity and 100m Sprint Performance, Journal of Studies and Research in Physical Education, Issue 15, 2002
Qasim Hassan and Bastawisi Ahmed: Foundations of Sports Training, Dar Al-Fikr Publishing and Distribution House, Jordan, 1995
Qusay Fawzi Khalaf: The Effect of Accuracy and Speed-Strength Training on Developing Some Types of Shooting in Basketball, Master's Thesis. College of Physical Education, University of Basra, 2000
Qais Ibrahim Al-Douri and Tariq Abdul-Malik Al-Amin: Physiology for Students of the College of Physical Education, Baghdad, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, 1981
Kamal Darwish: Measurement, Evaluation, and Game Analysis in Handball (Theories and Applications), Cairo, The Book Center for Publishing, 2002
Mahfouz Falih Hassan: A Comparative Study of Cumulative Myocardial Adaptations and Their Impact on Some Functions of the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems in Athletes Engaged in Aerobic and Anaerobic Activities, PhD Dissertation, College of Physical Education, University of Basra, 2009
Hazza bin Mohammed Al-Hazza: Exercise Physiology, Riyadh, King Saud University Press, 2008
Heanul Pina & others: Clinical Exercise Testing Laboratories, American Heart Association; Inc., Circulation, 1995
Westj. B: Respiration Physiology: The Essentials, 3rd Rd. ED., Baltimore, 1985
IASJ
CC-BY-4.0
turnitin
ISSN
DOAJ
Crossref
GoogleScholar
Orcid