The effectiveness of using the AI-based APECS program in detecting some postural deviations among students

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the APECS program as a low-cost digital tool for the early detection of postural deviations among preparatory school students in the school setting, and to compare its results with traditional manual examination.

Methodology and Participants

The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology with a cross-sectional design, incorporating a comparative-verification component to establish concurrent validity through the correlation between the two methods. The research population consisted of over 120 students, from which a purposive sample of 50 students was selected from Al-Thana National High School in Samarra district.

Measurements and Statistical Analysis

Measurements included anthropometric data (age, height, and Body Mass Index - BMI), in addition to postural indicators using APECS (ATSI, POTSI, HKA) and the manual examination (direct observation and the Adam’s Forward Bend Test). Imaging and calibration procedures were controlled, and measurements were repeated to adopt the average value. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) were used to test sample homogeneity, while the $t$-test was used for comparisons, and the Pearson correlation coefficient ($r$) was employed to verify the concurrent validity between the two methods.

Key Findings and Conclusion

The results showed a close proximity in the detection rates between APECS and manual examination: Forward Head Posture (20%), Rounded Shoulders (24%), and Knee Deviation (18% via APECS vs. 14% manually). Furthermore, the correlation coefficients were high and statistically significant ($r = 0.80–0.83$, $p < 0.01$), which reinforces the reliability of APECS as a non-radiographic digital measurement tool.

The research concluded that APECS is a practical and reliable tool that can be adopted in Iraqi schools as an alternative or supplement to manual examination, with the potential to utilize its results in school-based preventive and corrective protocols.