The Effect of the SWOM Strategy on Learning the Volleyball Spike and Court Defense Skills among Tenth-Grade Secondary School Students

Abstract

The impact of using the SWOM strategy on learning the skills of spike hitting and court defense in volleyball among tenth-grade students. The research aimed to identify the impact of the SWOM strategy on learning the spike hitting skill and the court defense skill in volleyball among tenth-grade students. It also sought to determine the differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests for both skills. The researchers employed an experimental approach suitable for the nature of the research problem. A two-group pretest-posttest design (experimental and control) was utilized. The research population consisted of (58) tenth-grade students in the Sarsink sub-district/ Amedi district for the academic year (2025–2026). A sample of (28) students was randomly selected and divided equally into two groups (14 students per group). The educational program comprised (6) instructional units, conducted at a rate of one unit per week, with each session lasting (40) minutes. Accuracy tests for both spike hitting and court defense were adopted as measurement tools. Following the implementation of the program, data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. The researchers reached the following main conclusions: The SWOM strategy demonstrated high effectiveness in improving performance levels for both the spike hitting and court defense skills in volleyball. The experimental group, which utilized the SWOM strategy, significantly outperformed the control group (traditional method).